Performance Appraisal of Urban Street-Lighting System: Drivers’ Opinion-Based Fuzzy Synthetic Evaluation

Saudi Arabian urban roads and highways have witnessed a large number of traffic crashes. Road lighting is one the most important factors influencing drivers’ safety during nighttime. Street-lighting design (e.g., spacing height), visibility lane marking oncoming vehicles), satisfaction glare effect on eyes overall ambiance) are primary criteria affecting performance an street-lighting system (USLS). The present study presents methodology for appraisal USLS in Qassim, Arabia. An online questionnaire survey was developed to obtain opinions nine sub-criteria (three under each criterion). responses were translated into five-scale subjective rating from very low high. Fuzzy synthetic evaluation (FSE) effectively aggregated statistically diverse (p-value < 0.001) obtained three criteria. found that electronic billboards’ positioning, vehicle lights, poor course bad weather (mainly dust) mainly view road users. levels ranged between “medium” “high”, with no or achieving “very high” level, suggesting need upgrades, such as conversion LED lights smart control systems. proposed benefits transportation ministries identify lacking components USLSs different regions provides opportunity include additional site-specific appraising before (during planning design) after implementation improvement actions.